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Mormon settlement techniques of the Salt Lake Valley
Settlement of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, also called Mormons, Latter-day Saints, or Saints in the Salt Lake Valley and surrounding area or “the planning and founding of more than 500 communities in the American West, is regarded by many planning historians as one of the most significant accomplishments in the history of American city development”.〔Deseret News Publishing Company〕 The Saints moved from settlement to settlement, until they made a permanent home in the Great Basin of the Rocky Mountains. This group of people is characterized by their ability to work together in settlement efforts. In 1847, these people trekked en masse across the great plains of the United States until they reached what is now northern Utah. Led by their ambitious leader Brigham Young, these people used their experience of settling to establish themselves there. The church provided critical leadership by organizing and directing the efforts of the people. While Salt Lake City, the headquarters of the LDS Church, is their most prominent achievement, many other settlements in the area were also very successful. The techniques of the farm village, plats, and the grid, were all important components for the initial establishment, and later development, of the uninhabited area. The presence of the Saints in the valley was useful in the concluding efforts of the Transcontinental Railroad, where Promontory, Utah served as the connecting point of the Union Pacific and Central Pacific lines. Often labeled “the Crossroads of the West,” this area became an important hub for people traveling west, particularly for the California Gold Rush. While initially an agrarian community, the Saints became a strong force for industry as mines, factories, and rail began to be completely utilized.
==Roots of settlement==
The Church of Christ (also later The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints) was founded by Joseph Smith in 1830 in the State of New York. Many of the early members, like Smith, came from the American northeast and therefore had been raised using the standard farming methods of the area, as well as typical methods for organizing towns and villages. Persecution, including mob violence, of church members caused Smith and his followers to move from place to place, building communities wherever they went. Smith intended to establish Zion, or a place where his people could live together in harmony. Smith’s “City of Zion” was based on a self-sufficient agrarian model. In his plan, the city was to be divided so that each family had a ½-acre city lot to build their home and plant a garden, with one square mile of barns and crop fields surrounding the city for provisions.〔 The saints began building in Kirtland, Ohio and parts of Missouri, such as Jackson County and Far West, then moved their headquarters to Nauvoo, Illinois. “As they transformed the city of Nauvoo from a few log houses to a bustling center of substantial homes and business,”.〔Jackson (1994) pg. 23〕 They confronted more intense persecution, including the assassination of their leader Joseph Smith, and the Saints decided to leave once more. They migrated from the Midwest to the Salt Lake Valley, under the leadership of their new leader, Brigham Young.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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